Review of the Financial Statements of Merck and Novartis Companies

In module 2 case study I am to do the following understanding financial reports and continue to review the financial statements of Merck and Novartis to learn additional information. The emphasis of this Case is to review the income statement, balance sheet and computation of ratios. Review the financial statements for the companies and answer the following questions for the last reporting year: What components of stockholders' equity does each of the companies disclose?Merck & Company IncThe components of the stockholders equity common stock (authorized and issued), other paid-in capital, retained earnings, accumulated other comprehensive loss, and treasury stock. Novartis International Ag. The components of the stockholders equity are share capital, treasury shares, reserves, and non-controlling interest. Do the companies have preferred stock shares outstanding? If so, what special features do these shares contain? Merck & Company Inc. Merck has authorized 20,000,000 shares of pref erred stock in 2012.All preferred stock from the AMI a merger in 1998 is being converted to either cash or shares of Merck stock. Novartis International Ag. Novartis did not report any preferred stock. Do either of the companies report treasury shares? If so, do the companies disclose the reason for reacquiring the shares? Merck & Company Inc. Yes Merck reported treasury shares; they reported the purchase of treasury shares on the balance sheet in the equity section and also on the summary of common stock and treasury stock transactions.In this case no they didn’t disclose any reasons for reacquiring shares other than those from the merger. Novartis International Ag. Yes Novartis reported treasury share; No they did not disclose reasons for reacquiring shares Income Statement. What are the basic and diluted earnings per share for each company? Merck & Company Inc. Basic earnings per common stock $2. 03 Diluted earnings per common stock $2. 00 Novartis International Ag. Basic earnings per common stock $3. 93. Diluted earnings per common stock $3. 89Have the companies reported any discontinued operations? Merck & Company Inc Merck has not reported any discontinued operations Novartis International Ag. Novartis reported no discontinued operations for 2012. Do the companies disclose any stock compensation plans? If so, are they reporting such plans under the fair value or intrinsic value methods? What was the value of compensation expense measured for any outstanding stock option plans? Merck & Company Inc. Yes they are reporting under the fair value method.The value of the compensation expense measured was approximately $72 million to the holders and $4 million Merck common shares issued. Novartis International Ag. Novartis did not disclose any stock compensation plans Financial Ratios Compute the following ratios. Also, interpret and assess each group of ratios for the company. What type of story are the ratios telling the analyst? Profitability ratios: ? Gross profit margin = Gross income/sales. The gross profit margin is a financial ratio which is a measurement of a company's manufacturing and distribution efficiency during the production process.A company uses its gross income to fund such company activities as research and development and marketing, which are important for generating future sales. A prolonged decline in the gross profit margin is a red flag for possible impending negative pressure on sales and, ultimately, earnings. You need to know the trend of the company before you can make an analysis of whether or not the gross profit margin is good or not, in this case Novartis has a better gross profit than Merck. Merck & Company Inc. 8,739/47,267 = . 185 Novartis International Ag. 11,243/56,673 = . 198?Net profit margin = Net income/ sale Net profit is the profit that is generated from all phases of the business, including interest and taxes. This is the â€Å"bottom line† that garners most of the attention in dis cussions of a company’s profitability. The net profit margin (net margin) compares net income to sales. A consistently high net margin is often indicative of a company with one or more competitive advantages. Furthermore, a high net margin provides a company with a cushion during downturns in its business. In this case Novartis has a better net profit margin than Merck.Merck & Company Inc. 6,299/47,267 = . 133 Novartis International Ag. 9,618/56,673 = . 170 ? Return on stockholders' equity = net income/ shareholders equity Return on equity (ROE) is equal to a fiscal year's net income. It measures the rate of return on the ownership interest of the common stock owners and measures a company's efficiency at generating profits from every unit of shareholders' equity. Return on equity for most companies certainly should be in the double digits; investors often look for 15% or higher, while return of 20% or more is considered excellent.Neither of these companies is great for their ROE but they are close, Novartis being higher. Merck & Company Inc. 6,299/53,020 = . 119 (12%) Novartis International Ag. 9,618/69,219 = . 139 (14%) Liquidity ratios: ? Current ratio = current assets/current liabilities The current ratio is a financial ratio that measures whether or not a firm has enough resources to pay its debts over the next 12 months. While Merck is able to pay back its debt, Novartis can pay its debt more easily and have a lot left over. Merck & Company Inc 34,857/18,348 = 1. 900.Novartis International Ag:  124,216/30,946 = 4. 013 ? Quick ratio= current assets-inventory/current liabilities Generally, the quick ratio should be 1:1 or higher; however this varies widely by industry. In general, the higher the ratio is, the greater the company's liquidity (i. e. , the better able to meet current obligations using liquid assets). The quick ratio is also known as acid test ratio. Both companies have a quick ratio but Novartis has a better quick ratio than Merck. M erck & Company Inc. 34,857-7,305/18,348 = 1. 501 Novartis International Ag. 124,216-6,744/30,946 = 3. 796?Inventory turnover = COGS/Inventory The inventory turnover is a measure of the number of times inventory is sold or used in a time period such as a year. Merck & Company Inc Inventory not specified on the 10K. Novartis International Ag. 18,756/6,744 = 2. 781. Leverage ratios: ? Debt-to-assets= Total debt/total assets Debt to asset ratio is a financial ratio that indicates the percentage of a company's assets that are provided via debt. Novartis has a lower debt than Merck. Merck & Company Inc. 18,348 + 16,348 = 34,696 34,696/106,132 = . 327Novartis International Ag:  5,945/124,216 = . 048 ? Debt-to-equity= total debt/total shareholders’ equity The debt to equity ratio, usually abbreviated as D/E, is a financial ratio indicating the relative proportion of shareholders' equity and debt used to finance a company's assets. Novartis used fewer loans to finance the companyâ⠂¬â„¢s assets than Merck. Merck & Company Inc. 34,696/536,020 = . 065. Novartis International Ag. 5,945/69,219 = . 086 ? Times-covered ratio= earnings before interest and taxes/ interest Times interest earned (TIE) is a measure of a company's ability to honor its debt payments.The times interest earned ratio is also referred to as the interest coverage ratio. Merck & Company Inc. Only had a consolidated statements of income Novartis International Ag. Only had a consolidated statements of income What type of information do you find in footnotes to the financial statements? Additional information provided in a company's financial statements. Notes to the financial statements report the details and additional information that are left out of the main reporting documents, such as the balance sheet and income statement.This is done mainly for the sake of clarity because these notes can be quite long, and if they were included, they would cloud the data reported in the financial statement s. Do you find the balance sheet, income statement or other measures such as ratios the most informative? Comment on the advantages and disadvantages of using ratios for analysis. I find that the balance sheet and the income statement have the standings of how the company did per quarter but the ratios show comparison of how they did. The ratios are good because you breakdown all the big numbers and just use percentages and analysis what is important.The balance sheets show the breakdown of all the individual accounts consolidated so both are good. A disadvantage of depending on the statements are that they can mislead you indifferent ways, if you only look at the numbers and do not look at the foot notes you may make a bad decision. Bad information can also be given through the statements, although this is illegal people still do it and later on change it or say it was a mistake but you may not catch that. Ratios can also have disadvantages like if they are not computed correctly y ou may have the wrong percentages or you may have nothing to compare them to.

The Progression of the American Musical

The World Two great writers of American musical theatre, Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II, had one common idea. They wanted to present to the American public a new, revolutionary musical that would stand out among the rest. They wanted to make an impact on the societies of the era. They wanted to be creative and do something that was considered rebellious. When they finally combined their ideas together they created an American masterpiece: Oklahoma!.This was the first Rodgers and Hammerstein collaboration, starting the most successful creative artnership in the history of American musical theatre. In the years before Oklahoma! was created, Broadway was dying. New and refreshing musicals were a rare occasion and when an artist tried to create something that he hoped his audience would like, he was sadly disappointed. Broadway was suffering from a lack of what it was revered for: astounding plays and musicals. Its time of glamour and glitz was almost forgotten, and was in need of being saved.That is why Oklahoma! is considered a rebirth of the American musical theatre at the time. It brought Broadway back to life, filling theatre seats with nthusiastic audiences who embraced the changes of this new theatre musical with open arms and made it a legend. Oklahoma! set new standards for classic American theatre by introducing new techniques of presenting the musical to the audience, introducing a new genre of music into the theatre, and strayed away from the usual classic form and structure of a musical that audiences had grown used to.It was a time of change, a time of excitement, and a time of setting standards for the future. Almost from the first performance at the St. James Theatre on March 31, 1943, Oklahoma! has been recognized as a new kind of musical play that denied its Broadway audiences many of their most treasured traditions, says David Ewen in American Musical Theatre: â€Å"There was no opening chorus line, no chorus until midway through the f irst act, in fact. There was rather a serious ballet and other serious overtones, including a killing in act two.The story, which was so simple, seemed to engage the audience in more than mere evening diversion† (248). These changes, far from disappointing to viewers, were upheld by a success that had never been seen in the history of musical theatre. He continued to say that with their first collaboration, Rodgers and Hammerstein shered in a new era for the musical theatre This beautiful folk play realized fully that which the earlier Rodgers and Hart musicals had been striving to obtain: a synchronization of all the elements of the musical theatre into a single entity.At best Oklahoma! could lay legitimate claim to have carefully woven a new element, dance, into the artful fabric of the modern musical. No longer would singers sing and then Dance was not a new element in the theatre realm. It had been used for years as a way of interpretation of feelings of a character that t he writer or director wanted the audience to feel visually. Through movement, expression of those feelings was portrayed and helped the audience to somewhat experience that single emotion of fear, hate, love, or guilt right along with the character on stage.But what was usual was that it was never brought together with the music and singing. The song was usually followed by the decorative dance. A song followed by a dance would usually lost the audience's attention, or even if the dance was too long or did not correspond to the song or story line what so ever. Rodgers and Hammerstein set a standard that incorporated the two elements (music/song and dance) so that the audience would ind more logic in the dance. It would have a meaning and a purpose in the play and heighten the excitement in the musical.And in many instances, it would further the plot or at best help the audience to fully understand the individual character's feelings at that point in the musical. David Ewen uses the example of Agnes de Mille's (choreographer of Oklahoma! ) ballet, which brought to life the heroine's dream and provided her motive for refusing the hero's invitation to a box special. It was part of the story. (248) According to Gerald Bordman, the author of American Musical Comedy, the idea hat integration, something new and desperately needed, took hold of Broadway's thinking.In fact, it became so fashionable to integrate dance into the musical, that it was sometimes injected when it served no dramatic purpose, and sometimes even when it hindered the unfolding of the story. (160) After awhile dance became overused, which seemed to ruin what Rodgers and Hammerstein had set out to do (the incorporation of dance to heighten the meaning of the musical). Other writers or choreographers who inserted dance were not adding it when it would help the musical. Directors came to believe that dance was a necessity in a musical, for it was ne of the key reasons why Oklahoma! as so successful. So the additions were made, but were not really thought about their purpose when they were added. What was forgotten was the obvious need for the dance at all. Dance was thought to be a want of the audience, not taking into consideration if the musical even required the dance at all. So, this problem developed into a frenzy, adding dance Just for the mere spectacle of it. But in Oklahoma! , everything fit into its place. For the first time, not only were the songs and story inseparable, but also the dances heightened the drama by revealing he fears and desires of the leading characters.According to Bordman, Richard Rodgers once said, â€Å"when a show works perfectly, it's because all the individual parts complement each other and fit together†¦ in a great musical, the orchestrations sound the way the costumes look. That's what made Oklahoma! work†¦ it was a work created by many that gave the impression of having been created by one† (160). collaboration. Joseph Swa in adds that much was made at the time of the hero's killing the villain on stage in Oklahoma!. This too was not new. But while the claim to originality was once again exaggerated, Oklahoma! virtue of its huge popularity, a popularity in no way reduced by an unpleasant scene, did open doors. (74) Oklahoma! was in the genre of Musical Comedy, and many critics felt that villains and murder were not elements that should appear in a comedy. It was thought that such items would turn audiences away from Oklahoma! , having the idea of going to see a comedy and leaving feeling like they had seen a murder mystery, and not laughing at all was not the main objective of comedy theatre. But once again, these elements were a key part of the musical. David Ewen pointed out in The Story of America'sMusical Theatre that the original play had both villains and a murder, and Rodgers and Hammerstein had no intention of removing them from their musical. Ewen quotes Hammerstein saying, â€Å"We realized that such a course was experimental, amounting almost to the breach of an implied contract with the musical-comedy audience. I cannot say truthfully that we were worried by the risk. Once we had made the decision everything seemed to work right and we had the inner confidence people feel when they have adopted the right and honest approach to a problem† (180).But once the doors opened and tickets began to sell and shows eventually became old out, Rodgers and Hammerstein really did not have anything to fear. Their show soon showed itself to be a success, even with a villain and a murder. The audiences were at first disturbed to see these elements in a comedy, but soon came into agreement with these new additions and liked its originality and creativeness. Also if these two elements had been removed, it would have disturbed the synchronization and union of all the other elements of song, dance and plot in the musical, which was what the writers were trying to avoid at all costs .Along with dance and villains, Rodgers and Hammerstein also took on a new pproach to forming the music that they included in the musical. In Gerald Bordman's second book American Musical Theatre: A Chronicle, he stated that long before they wrote their first lyric to â€Å"Oh What A Beautiful Mornin'†, Rodgers and Hammerstein had arrived at an all-important decision. The â€Å"flotsam and Jetsam† of musical comedy would have to be abandoned in translating a sensitive, poetic folk play for the musical theatre. Musical comedies traditionally opened with a big, crowded stage scene. Oklahoma! ould begin simply: a single character would be seen on the stage (a woman churning butter), and from off-stage would come the trains of the first song. Musical comedies usually started with a dazzling line of chorus girls from the stage aprons early in the production, but Rodgers and Hammerstein decided to delay its appearance until halfway through the first act (535). bring a certai n magical and triumphant beginning to a musical, starting with excitement and volume. This was also criticized; many feeling an audience would not stand for their most treasured attributes of a play being taken away.But Rodgers and Hammerstein once again took another risk, and it proved to be a risk that was not too bad to take. Audiences were at first disappointed with the deletion of the opening chorus, but eventually excused it, for they fell in love with the style of musical that Rodgers and Hammerstein were presenting to them. The play grew from a simple opening to a grand finale, which built the excitement of the audience and kept them stimulated and interested in the unfolding of the musical until the final chorus line and curtain call.It built suspense and a burning for more. Rodgers and Hammerstein obviously knew what they were doing, even if the critics thought they did not. Bordman also noted that the show's musical director, Jay Blackton, appreciating he work's nature, d iscarded the common musical comedy practice of having the entire chorus sing only songs' melodies. Instead, he reverted to the tradition of operetta and comic opera by dividing his singers and assigning them various parts, not always the principal melodic line (535).Once again, Oklahoma! was making breakthrough innovations in the musical theatre world. A denial of basic characteristics of the original musical comedy could have upset the audience, and push Oklahoma! into an area of outcast musicals that all writers fear. But Rodgers and Hammerstein's ideas were undeniably refreshing to the American audiences. Rodgers's music also marked a new direction for the writer in Oklahoma!. He reinvented his style of music from what he knew was popular to the audience to a rugged flatness.Davis Ewen also states in his book The Story of America's Musical Theatre, that most musical comedies expected the music to be written before the lyrics, since the lyrics were something functional tacked on t o the melody. But the writers were so determined to make each word an essential part of the text that they agreed at once for Hammerstein to write the lyrics first, and Rodgers would write the music from the lyrics (180). Bordman reiterates that it is sometimes hard to realize that â€Å"Oh, What A Beautiful Mornin' † is a waltz. The melody of â€Å"The Surry With The Fringe On Top† captures the clippety-clop of a horse pulling the vehicle.Rodgers' long-sustained opening note of his title song coupled with the driving melody that follows was of the freshest inventions of the sort and the impeccable blending of words and music in â€Å"People Will Say We're In Love† Justifiably made it the most popular of the year. Much proclaiming ensued over how well the songs and plot were integrated (535). This coordination of musical rhythm and words was amazing. They were able to catch simple sounds of the actions on stage and incorporate them into the song, as if the lives of the characters could only survive with the music.This combination of audience must be made to believe that the character's life is a song. It is essential that the character make the audience feel like the music is not Just a silly addition to the developing plot, but an existing item that has and will always exist at that point in time. The audience must be pulled into the world of the musical, not Just simply entertained. And once again, Rodgers and Hammerstein had achieved that goal. They ere well on their way to creating a musical that was so seamless that extracting one minor detail of it would throw the whole work of art off.It was a work of complete union and an accomplishment that was in no way easy to create in the first place. One factor in the success of Oklahoma! that cannot be overlooked was the attitude of the American people at the time it was presented. In The World of Musical Comedy, Stanley Green adds that World War II was more than a year old when the musical opened, and those who remained at home were becoming increasingly aware of the heritage they enjoyed as a free people. Seeing the happier, sunnier days that were so much a part of this heritage gave audiences both an escape from daily headlines and a feeling of optimism for the future (212).In American Musical Comedy, Bordman believed that Oklahoma! ‘s importance lay elsewhere. The show made the American musical theatre look at America's own heritage for inspiration (160). Playwrights were beginning to recognize the vast amount of inspiration the American country could provide for the new revolution of musicals. During the time of and after World War II, pride in America was gaining strength and so was the nterest of writing plays and musicals that showed that pride of how great America was. Oklahoma! n turn brought more than Just new innovations of song, music, and dance to the stage, but a love for musicals that showed how beautiful older American culture was. Oklahoma! was a musical of America's expansion into the western front and the western culture. In more ways that one, Oklahoma! was a way for city dwellers in New York City who sat in the audience to find their way to the west without ever leaving the city. Rodgers and Hammerstein had experienced achievement when they could tell a story through song and dance and transport the udience into the setting of the musical.Playgoers would leave the theatre feeling like they had Just returned from an adventure out west, which is a playwright's exclusive objective when creating a play. The audience must be made to believe that they are experiencing the plot right along with the actors on stage. Thus is the main objective of theatre in general: to capture the audience and bring them to a different place and time where the plot of the play is the only struggle in the world at the time. Bordman writes in American Musical Theatre: A Chronicle that what started in 927 was perfected in 1943 when Oklahoma! premi ered.It is considered by many to be the first musical comedy to have a plot, musical score and dances that were necessary ingredients to advance the story line (536). It is only fair to agree with him. Rodgers and Hammerstein added the exact â€Å"ingredients† to create a magical and over the world to this day. Although Oklahoma! premiered 70 years ago, and its style of music and dance have grown old with the passing of time, it still demands respect for its combination and imaginative ideas that revolutionized the musical industry at the time. Rodgers and Hammerstein were the dominant force in musical comedy in the 1940's and 50's.Even their flops had notable songs. Several of their shows became successful films. Oklahoma! ‘s importance in opening a new era in the American Musical Theatre will never be challenged. It has become an American classic that society will forever treasure for its beautiful integration of song and dance.

A Critique on Fat Acceptance

â€Å"Fat Acceptance: A Basic Primer† by the Vancouver-based author Cynara Geissler is a remonstration against the relentless pursuit of conforming to the socially approved body structure by paining one’s body and soul (3). Appearing in Geez Magazine for the first time this essay germinates new energy in the fat-acceptance movement in 21 st century. The author in this essay heavily protests against food moralizing and idealizing a certain parameter for body dimension. It has been an important issue indeed in the contemporary world, where everything including human body is being precariously rhapsodized under the influence of glamour industry. The author precisely points out the perils of blindly following the ideal of a thin body pleasing to the eyes of society and presents her argument on how this vain pursuit has been affecting the overall physical and mental health of the people. Geissler happens to be a staunch supporter of fat acceptance movement since she herself has experienced the consequences of hazardous dieting due to the plight of mind body shaming caused to her. She describes how people crossing the limit of size and weight dictated by the fashion magazines or movies become victims of society’s pre-conceived notions. They are often termed as â€Å"lazy, undisciplined, incapable and out of control† for no good reason (Geissler 2). Ironically, this adverse pressure comes from the health and diet industry itself who oblivion of the fact that health is to be fit and strong and not conforming to a particular body shape consistently tends to criticize the term fat. This has made the stigma of fat so ingrained in the minds of people that they forget to be tolerant of even normal sized people, â€Å"The West, especially the U.S., operates under gendered ideas of beauty that emphasize thinness as the ideal body type† (Williams 15). Apart from people in the society, this obsession also works in the persons who look at themselves with the eyes of established norms and start condemning their own body. Thus begins the relentless process of dieting and losing of weight without caring about the very idea of health. This compelling pressure comes from the very circle of â€Å"misinformed friends, relatives and health care professionals† who try to fit the non-conforming people into the size boxes which glamour industry has created over the years (Clair et al. 230). Sometimes this vain pursuit results in deadly consequence to the body or if not that leaves the mind in a dispirited state. The inevitable reaction that they develop for their body is self-denigration and an intense revulsion for their own self, which arise out of the rejection they face in their social existence (Bombak 15). This increases an inclination to the falsely advertised solutions claiming to fix one’s body; undoubtedly, this busines s trend capitalizing on the degrading approach to human body is harmful beyond imagination. The fat acceptance movement has, therefore, immense importance in this context since it primarily teaches people to be tolerant of all body sizes and weight as well as rejects all myths that make people suffer in the name of diet. The movement, which includes all successful professionals from different fields, questions about â€Å"efficacy of shame as a motivational tool†; quoting Allison it can be said â€Å"that suffering does not ennoble; it destroys†. It shatters not only the necessity of the compelling act of repentance in food and working habits but denies the efficacy of self-sacrifice to achieve the self-styled success of possessing a ‘perfect’ body (Geissler 2). We can fairly agree to the idea of accepting fat because undoubtedly it is a noble initiative. Fat shaming does not really do anything positive for one’s body rather only builds up hostility and aversion between the obese person and the rest of the society. By the virtue of the move ment, people have relearned to live their life without being worried about the social fixity- â€Å"thinner is better†. It entitles body autonomy to a person and reaffirms the fact that the concept of health is not necessarily affixed to any specific size or weight. In addition, fat acceptance endows a person with all the gratification about oneself and grants access to an enjoyable life. Probably the most important reason for agreeing to Geissler’s idea of fat acceptance is that it formulates acceptance to ‘Health at Every Size’ (Geissler 3). Besides, the movement has always emphasized liberty in the choice of food, personal presentation and physical activity that gives forth the need of that person and mere imitation of body shaming views. While we can agree to the most part of Geissler’s views, there remains some domains in her essay that are likely to catch objections. She takes body autonomy to another level where she has almost denied the necessity of having healthy food at times. According to her experience, having healthy food and working out has been a punishment whereas it cannot be denied that these things are intrinsic to a fit and healthy body. The autonomy of food may catalyze the peril of obesity but surprisingly the author evades such a significant relevant issue in this context. On the other hand, the idea of ‘Health at Every Size’ seems to be very vague in the essay. While it proclaims that, having anorexia cannot be considered as a sign of health and that it is damage for the body, it continues to maintain the idea of an extremely obese person being capable of leading an active life despite the diseased physical condition. In fact, both the extreme poles of weight scale are equally dangerous and the essay has missed to profess this vital medical truth. Apart from this, food addiction often leads to serious medical problems, which the fat acceptant people either consciously or unconsciously do not admit. Thinking that one’s own body is his or her own business and the person can feed it to any extent is entirely a misconception for it really cannot be approved to feed oneself to ill health. This is especially applicable to the rapidly increasing child obesity problem all over the world and the major cause aggravating the problem is the arbitrary food habit among children. It should not be that the fat acceptance movement carries any wrong message to them making them ailing and sedentary. The movement of fat liberation, therefore, must not give opportunity to people to be unapologetic and remain gratified despite their excess weight. Having discussed all the aspects of the essay, both that have been explored and those of the possible approaches that have been missed by the author it can be concluded that approving fat is not the goal but accepting the fat ones as equal is. The author successfully holds up the idea that it is high time the fat people accept their body image in a positive light instead of constantly living in the shadow of a fat-fearing culture. The concept of ‘Health at Every Size’ necessarily involves spontaneous yet conscious eating while regulating weight at the same time. Therefore, while acknowledging the words of Geissler, it can be stated that there is nothing indecent and degrading in a fat body that should be associated with shame and subjected to agonizing diet and excruciating physical exercise. Rather, as the author conveys, fat acceptance is that one revolutionary idea that advocates tolerance, size acceptance, equality for all body types, weight neutrality and most signi ficantly body positivity. Bombak, Andrea E. "The Contribution Of Applied Social Sciences To Obesity Stigma-Related Public Health Approaches". 2014. Clair, Matthew, Caitlin Daniel, and Michà ¨le Lamont. "Destigmatization and health: Cultural constructions and the long-term reduction of stigma."  Social Science & Medicine  165 (2016): 223-232. Geissler, Cynara. "Fat Acceptance: A Basic Primer". Geezmagazine.Org, 2010, https://geezmagazine.org/magazine/article/fat-acceptance-a-basic-primer/. Williams, Apryl A. "Fat People of Color: Emergent Intersectional Discourse Online."  Social Sciences  6.1 (2017): 15.

The Role of the Internet and Crime Research Paper

The Role of the Internet and Crime - Research Paper Example Such information attracts criminals. Moreover internet is the fastest way for information transfer. It is very important for criminals. Also such types of criminal activity as computer viruses and malicious codes, cyber stalking and information warfare can damage our personal information. All these criminal activities are greatly influenced by the Internet, because it is the world of a great amount of information, in many cases unprotected information, and it is the place where person can stay incognito (Johanna Granville). Let’s take a closer look how the Internet aids criminal activity. â€Å"Work-at-home† schemes. In this scheme victim finds a job opportunity or receive an e-mail from fake company. The job is part-time and has a generous salary. The main â€Å"job† responsibilities are to rewrite articles or translate texts or to be middleman for charity organization that collects donations for victims of a natural disaster. Then the scammer asks the person for her personal information such as bank account numbers, Social Security number and date of birth. As the fraudsters says all these personal information is needed for hiring process, but in fact with these information they can monitor the victim’s account balances. When a big amount of money appears, the fraudster drains the account. Drug trafficking is another example of the Internet influence on criminal activity. Cyber world has become very popular among drug dealers. They use the Internet cafes to arrange their deals and courier web sites to track the drugs. They even create chat rooms with restricted access in order to swap recipes for amphetamine. One more example worth of remembering is changing information among terrorists through the Internet. They can easily plan their actions no matter where they are. It is better than phone, because you can stay incognito longer and it is harder to find such kind of information. As the Internet is World Wide it

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 11

Case Study Example And through that, they would have flown to Australia to examine and evaluate the progress of the project. This would have brought the various issues and problems to bear earlier and action would have been taken to deal with issues and matters. After they got to 80% of the project and the issues came up, SCT should have sued DB for an order of specific performance. And this would have compelled DB to perform the contract according to the wishes of the court. This way, SCT would have had to prove to the court that there was an anticipatory breach. And this would have been sufficient to get DB to act in order to rectify the issues and matters and meet specifications. DB should have clarified their position and how to do things more critically from the onset. Things like stating specific performance guidelines and clarifying specifications of the products would have helped them. Also, DB should have used a better employee contract to bind employees to perform better and meet requirements better. Basically, there was a conflict of interest that existed in the action that they undertook. This is because in the normal sense, employees and parties on a contract need to remain faithful to the one employing them. However, in this case, they left their job in Singapore and provided a service to another party. This is an ethical breach that was against the independence and objectivity of the external contractors. Secondly, the contract of the nature of what they had with DB had either a direct or implied confidentiality rule. And clearly, these confidentiality rules were not adhered to. Finally, the disclosure of sensitive information for a one day â€Å"contract† can be said to be tantamount to leakage of information for a bribe because there was no job done except for the information they provided. DB can take action for a breach of contract against the two consultants. This is because there were implied and possible explicit rules on ethics that they should have

The Total Gross External Area of the Building Research Paper

The Total Gross External Area of the Building - Research Paper Example Viewing the property from all directions the building is not been altered since construction, the walls are made of bricks and covered by a tile roofing which is still in good condition. The ground floor contains a kitchen, dining and living, and a garage attached to the side of the building. The first floor contains 4 bedrooms of which one is the master bedroom and bathroom. All the rooms in the house are fully furnished. The house is located within an already established residential estate. It is located at the junction of Worthing road and north road in the west of Sussex. The exterior walls, on the other hand, are made of brick and the inside is finished with solid concrete, the floor is made of thick concrete which is in good condition and no sign of dampness was evident. The reinstatement cost is the cost that may be incurred in the rebuilding of a house, Household insurance is calculated in two parts, this includes building an insurance and content insurance, building insuranc es cover the building and other building fittings, content insurance on the hand covers. There are various methods used in the valuation of buildings, in our case we have used the Gross external area method in estimating the value of the residential property, the residential property market price is 299,995 while the estimated value is 263,000 and given the condition of the house the market price is much higher than the estimated price, therefore the house is far overvalued in the market and purchasing the house may lead to resale problems in the future.

How Does Social Context Contribute to the Definition of Value in Music Essay

How Does Social Context Contribute to the Definition of Value in Music - Essay Example This essay approves that music is coherently considered to be the gift of a lifetime. Ever since its evolution, music has remained an integral part of society, culture and now even education. As a result of its affective power, music is seen to improve the learning environment. Social context provides a platform in the recognition of value in music. Music is it found in expressing religion as well as celebrations encompassing weddings, funerals, festivals, etc. No human community has ever been discovered without music. This enables us to think that music is not only a derivative of human activity but also a predominant part of human community. This report makes a conclusion that from the dawn of human civilization music has persistently remained embedded in the everyday life of individuals around the globe. The fact that no society or culture is ever been untouched by music enables us to acknowledge that music is the very core of our lives. Each society or culture is characterized by its distinct form of music. The hip-hop music or the pop music for example exhibits its unique kind of culture like dress, language, etc. Music is responsible in adding elegance to a particular culture. With its intrinsic values it coherently touches our souls and acts as an active contributor in the social context. It encourages creativity, provides the opportunity to perform in public and acts as an excellent means of communication as well.

Security in E-Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 11

Security in E-Business - Essay Example Information is a significant business asset for any online enterprise. Therefore, protecting it from other competitors in the market is relevant for a business organization. Security for e-business can suitably protect information from a number of threats while focusing on the following perspectives (â€Å"Protecting†, 2008).  In the age of the Internet, it is quite easy to create, alter and transmit information. Besides, â€Å"the advancement in computing capacity and interconnectivity has presented a situation where small efforts can cause potentially large losses† (Otuteye, 2003). That is why concern for information security is a must for all small and big e-business organizations.  There are numerous ways to attack an e-business setup by various hackers, competitors and even displeased insiders. e-business enterprises should conduct evaluation processes on their technological capabilities including multiple areas (â€Å"Approach to e-business security†, 2 007),  Security in e-business is an ongoing process that has to deal with both existing and new threats. A good security program always ensures continuous improvement. It is without the doubt that security does add to the cost of business at initial phases. But in the long run, it can do tremendously well in saving money, earning a good reputation as well as customers for the company. After all, what matters most at the end of e-business or generally any business enterprise is the trust and credibility one builds and maintains with customers and business partners.

Euthanasia is Inherently Wrong Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Euthanasia is Inherently Wrong - Essay Example It is becoming increasingly apparent that the concept of ‘euthanasia’ is gradually winning the approval of different cultures and societies. Skeptics may believe that this is due to the growing propensity to belittle the value of human life, but others think this is not the main reason. They claim that it is much more probable to be the consequence of blunt compassion and kindness. Widely publicized, heartbreaking events draw out intense feelings of sympathy. Many people believe that in these instances a person and his/her loved ones would be better off if s/he were dead hence making it right to take the life of that individual. However, this essay argues that this belief is wrong. This essay tries to prove that euthanasia is immoral. It is naturally immoral, but is also not right to interpret euthanasia from the perspectives of self-centeredness and of convenience. Before laying down arguments against such belief, it would be important to provide an accurate definition of ‘euthanasia’. A basic feature of euthanasia is that it entails killing a person or taking one’s own life. Moreover, the individual who is killed should be a person who is confirmed to be tormented by some injury or illness from which healing cannot realistically be anticipated.

Strategic HRM Approach Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Strategic HRM Approach - Essay Example HR experts and researchers (Armstrong, 2009) focus on multiple issues related to human resource management. First, they explored which factors lead an organization to adopt a strategic approach to HRM as well as the consequent formulation of this strategy. This also raises the question of which firms will be more likely to adopt a strategic approach than others are. For instance, do such firms have a specific set of external and internal characteristics and conditions? Secondly, the experts looked into the policies and practices that are characteristic of distinctive HR strategies. Is it reasonable to assume that there can exist, different sets of HR policies with the different models of HRM? Finally, an important issue that they have explored at length is the organizational performance that follows each of these sets of policies and practices. This brings in the question of whether HR strategy is important for organizations, and the answer that it is an essential factor for the HR s taff to consider when refining organizational performance. The main aim of HRM in this respect is to recognize, select, and implement activities that the staff thinks will be helpful in selecting a direction and a course of action, which would in turn enhance the long-term performance of an organization. This will occur if the chosen actions help synchronize the internal capabilities and skills of the company with the growing demands of its external environment. There are three main organizational frameworks (Armstrong. 2009) related to the several broad approaches of strategic HRM. One is universal, which is the best practice according to experts (Ehnert, 2009), s it focuses on broader aspects of business environment instead of narrowing them down, thus enabling the firm to derive competitive advantage from their strategy, regardless of the circumstance. Then there is the contingent approach (Ehnert, 2009), designed based on specific business environments. This is a narrower approa ch as compared to the universal framework, but is beneficial to specific companies as it provides them with competitive advantage, which is ‘contingent’ upon their reactions to situations arising in their strategic environment. Lastly, there is the organization-specific framework, which is unique for the firm, which designs and implements it. This introduces the concept that the individual characteristics of a firm necessitate a unique approach, as its unique resources such as human capabilities will enable it to derive a certain type of competitive advantage through the correct strategy. To explore each of these frameworks further, paper looks at the examples below, which present an idea of how a strategic approach would be designed based upon the framework. If the organization chooses to operate according to a universal framework, they will design their strategy in the light of the ‘best’ practices, which they will then implement into the overall organiza tional structure. This collection of HRM practices, or rather, this ‘HRM bundle’ could include ‘high ground’ components such as the goals of employee loyalty and commitment to the organization, high quality operation, and product, functional flexibility in the company structure. One goal could even be to corroborate the corporate objectives of the organization with the human

Persuasive memo Essay Example for Free

Persuasive memo Essay My name is Darrell Pace and I am requesting to continue research for the implementation of a Spanish curriculum in the Professional Academy Day School. The proposed research will greatly impact our students, parents, and faculty because the world is becoming increasingly interconnected. Parents are turning to language immersion programs for their toddlers and preschoolers. Some are motivated by the desire to preserve family heritage and culture. Others see early language instruction as a way to provide their children with the academic and cognitive advantages. It is very important for the Professional Academy Day School to accommodate the interest of our parents who entrust their children to us, to teach them skills that are beneficial now and in the future. When we offer the children in our day school the very best curriculum, it enhances our credibility among our competition and the community. According to the article by Stephanie Meade, â€Å"7 benefits of Raising Bilingual Kids†, it shows that bilingual children have the following advantages over that of monolingual students: Bilingual children have a better ability to focus and ignore distractions in the environment Bilingual kids can switch from one activity to another faster and are better at multitasking. Bilinguals have increased mental flexibility and creativity. Bilingual children in dual-immersion schools have been shown in one study to score higher on both verbal and math standardized test conducted in English Bilingual children display stronger logic skills and are better equipped at solving mental puzzles Being bilingual carries over throughout life as it alters brain chemistry and starving off the onset of Alzheimer’s. After learning two languages, it makes it more apt for learning a third language The advantages of a child being immersed into a school that offers dual languages cannot be ignored nor taken lightly when the demographics toward Spanish speaking cultures have more than doubled over the last ten years here in our state of Texas. Our school will be behind the curve if we don’t react now and research the necessary curriculum that will be the most effective among our students in the classroom. In the article, â€Å"Preschool Curriculum: What’s in it for Children and Teachers† written by The Albert Shanker Institute, children learn language when it is presented in meaningful contexts. A strong curriculum teaches vocabulary during studies of interesting content. This strategy which we have found through our research provides repeated exposure to new words and teaches children the words they need to represent the new ideas and concepts that they are learning. Our research will prove that the proper Spanish curriculum produces success in math, science, literacy, social studies and the arts. Language is the foundation for children’s learning, and the pre-k years are a crucial time for Spanish language development. The research on Spanish curriculum in Pre-k and kindergarten classes is timely and it is of substantial importance to the future of learning at the Professional Academy Day School.

Course Project Essay Example for Free

Course Project Essay They are Public Website, Manufacturing Support System (MSS), Human Resources System (HRS), and Sales and Marketing System (SMS). Public Website provides information about each of the products, locations where someone can purchase them, and information about how to get warranty support. Details of warranty support and defect rates are not tracked, but the staff has anecdotal stories. The Manufacturing Support System (MSS) maintains the supply chain information necessary for manufacturing the companys products, such as raw materials, vendors, and prices. The Human Resources System (HRS) maintains and tracks personnel and benefits information. And the Sales and Marketing System (SMS) track the sales and marketing efforts of the company’s sales force. Orders from this system are printed and sent daily to the MSS to be filled. As a senior member of the IT Management Team for SAI Toys, I agree with the Board of Directors and the CEO decision to stay on the forefront of geekness, and therefore the company should integrate all of  its IT systems. In addition, they want to develop a more robust Web presence and sell their products directly to individual customers in addition to selling through traditional retailers, as they currently are doing. My recommendation is that we need to hire more staff if SAI Toys want to stay on the forefront. The company needs to hire professional computer specialist. The integration of new the software into a newly expanded IT system which utilizes in some cases first generation coding on legacy hardware can create operational problems which in-house IT staff may be nable to solve. SAI Toys is not in the computer business. While computers are essential to the design, manufacture and marketing of their products, SAI Toys would be well served by having their IT systems vertically integrated and maintained in a cloud computing environment, eliminating most of their IT department employees in the process (Butcher, 2011). In this report, I will show how the company should go about implementing this ex ecutive directive. The report should include the following sections. The report will also outline the situation, weighs various alternatives, and I will presents a final recommendation for the company. The report will also include the current IT system, overview of the recommended system, the difference between In House and Outsourcing development, the stakeholders’ buy-in, the ERP project failed with lessons learned, and the company’s ROL ;amp; TCO. Current IT Situation To evaluate SAI Toys, using the basic analysis techniques will help us to have an overview of the company and its environment. SWOT is a tool that identifies the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of an organization. SAI Toys SWOT Analysis is to take the information from an environmental analysis and separate it into internal (strengths and weaknesses) and external issues (opportunities and threats). The Strengths of SAI Toys are: Experienced and successful marketing team, High brand recognition for their unique products, Substantial 25 member IT team, and Quality control ensuring positive consumer feedback. The Weaknesses of SAI Toys are: Highly competitive marketplace, Extensive and continuing R;amp;D investment, Cost containment, and Personnel costs for IT staff (Butcher, 2011). The Opportunities of SAI Toys are: Direct marketing and sales to consumers through company operated websites, Emerging international markets immediately accessible through the internet, and Substantial IT cost reduction through use of cloud computing. The Threats of SAI Toys are: Loss of market share, Major competitors integrating vertically and selling direct, and Changing technology requiring escalating engineering costs (Butcher, 2011). The Competitive Strategy Analysis is the second basis analysis technique to help us to have an overview of the company and its environment. SAI cannot afford the possibility of IT system failure given the highly competitive market in which they operate. New product design, manufacture, and marketing require that their IT system be fully functional 24/7 with no downtime. To sustain growth and revenue and stay ahead of potential competition SAI Toys will need to invest heavily in Research and Development (R;amp;D) on an ongoing basis (Butcher, 2011). This will include further investment in hiring skilled engineering personnel. Because SAI Toys creates unique products which may exclusively dominate a small segment of the market from which all of its revenue is derived, the introduction into the market of a competitor’s similar product with enhanced features and lower retail pricing may severely impact SAI Toys ability to generate sales and revenue (Butcher, 2011). Swimlanes Diagram: AS-IS Diagram Overview of Recommended System The various systems currently in place will be replaced or integrated into the new system. Assuming that SAI Toys has elected to develop an integrated IT system in-house utilizing its current IT structure but expanding operability to allow all four (4) distinct IT systems to communicate with each other, an Organizational Process Performance system evaluation is necessary which will derive quantitative objectives for quality and process performance from the organization’s business objectives (Butcher, 2011). The new system will be the ERP Implementation. There is a Process of ERP Implementation. While ERP is clearly a software solution for SAI, its implementation must be done on an incremental basis to limit interruptions to the existing business structure at SAI. Like all IT changes, problems can and will develop. To minimize the impact on SAI’s ongoing business operation the implementation of ERP should occur during the lapses between product launches or product design and development stages and implementation should be accomplished on a step-by-step basis, one application at a time. Limiting IT installations and disruptions to non-critical time periods will permit the least stressful adoption of the IT structure and allow SAI to maintain its revenue stream without incurring a loss (Butcher, 2011). There are numerous vendors who offer ERP software which would be easily configurable for SAI’s specific requirements. Microsoft, Oracle, Sage, Exact, SAP, and Intuitive each offer ERP software solutions which can manage companies like SAI with up to 1,000 users. Each of these can incorporate e-commerce platforms into the production and supply chain and provide SAI Toys management with instantaneous information reports including warranty claims, product claims, and defective product losses to together with consumer feedback in real-time (Butcher, 2011). Some new features in this system will include: 1) Improved customer satisfaction 2) Increased profitability 3) Reduced costs ) Improved quality and processing times 5) Improved business culture by bridging the gap between the production line and management 6) Improved business performance by focusing team members on eliminating waste across key business processes and workflows (Butcher, 2011). There are many companies out there that have successfully made the transition from a brick and mortar business to an E-Commerce. The E-Commerce can help the company grow and expand. An e-commerce platform can be used for advertising, production, supplier enquiries, negotiations, contracts, orders, billing, payments, and after sales service and other business activities in the process of interactive program management that can simplify the transaction process (Butcher, 2011). SOA would be of benefit to this project. A Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) design principle can be utilized during the phases of systems development and integration. A system based on SOA will package functionality as suite of interoperable services that can be used within multiple separate systems from the four separate systems. SOA also generally provides a way for consumers of services such as web-based applications to be aware of available SOA based services. For example, several disparate departments within a company may develop and deploy SOA services in different implementation languages and their respective clients will benefit from a well understood, well defined interface to access them. SOA defines integration for widely disparate applications for a web-based environment and uses multiple implementation platforms (Butcher, 2011). Rather than defining an API, SOA defines the interface in terms of protocols and functionality. An endpoint is the entry point for such a SOA implementation. Service-orientation requires loose coupling of services with operating systems and other technologies that underlies applications. SOA separates functions into distinct units, or services, which developers make accessible over a network in order to allow users to combine and reuse them in the production of applications. These services and their corresponding consumers communicate with each other by passing data in a well-defined, shared format, or by corresponding an activity between two or more services. SOA is therefore a continuum as opposed to distributed computing or modular programming (Butcher, 2011). Swimlanes diagrams- TO-BE diagram In-House versus Outsourcing Development The benefits and costs of developing this system in-house versus outsourcing the development or purchasing off-the-shelf are very important to consider. Off-the-shelf ERP packages are tested and proven performers which are an essential requirement for a company like SAI Toys which cannot afford the inevitable downtime associated with fragmented software design and installation. On a cost benefit analysis basis the investment in purchasing an off-the-shelf ERP software package is substantially less than the cost of downtime and system inoperability where an in-house software design fails (Butcher, 2011). The ability of the software vendor to de-bug an off-the-shelf system can be measured in minutes or hours versus the possibility and probability of several days of downtime with in-house developed software. The purchase price of an ERP software package can be amortized over a useful lifespan of five years or more and when compared to the prospective recurring downtime of in-house developed software the advantages of an ERP off-the-shelf solution cannot be ignored (Butcher, 2011). To avoid as many pitfalls as possible in the overhaul of SAI’s IT system it is recommended that SAI avoid in-house software development of this magnitude. While some of SAI’s IT staff may be proficient in software development there are the issues of minimum and exacting standards employed in the industry which may not be a consideration for in-house development. CCMI and ISO certifications should also impact the decision here. CMMI and ISO certification are an inherent part of these off-the-shelf software solutions which eliminates the uncertain standards that may be employed in in-house software development (Butcher, 2011). We should develop the system by Some best practices for managing the project type to having a better chance of success are Stakeholder Buy-in and Internal Politics The stakeholders of this system are essential. Once stakeholders are on board with the system development, they are likely to remain involved, supporting the program over its lifetime. We can get them to buy-in and support the system development by keeping them informed throughout the process of the system, including during the evaluation planning, implementation, and reporting phases (Innovation Network, 2002-2012). Stakeholders are valuable assets in evaluation planning, offering: * Assistance in decision-making about continued and prospective funding; * Perspective that helps the program learn, grow, and improve, and * Experience that informs program replication at other sites or organizations. The Stakeholders fall into three levels of program participation or involvement. There are: * Primary stakeholders  are typically major decision makers within a program, and are often the motivators behind an evaluation effort. They are often program staff, supervisors, senior managers, and funders. * Secondary stakeholders  have less contact with the administrative side of the program, but are still important to the evaluation effort. They include program participants and their families; direct service staff; and possibly other professionals providing subsequent services to program participants. Tertiary stakeholders  are more distant but are likely to be interested in evaluation findings for example, potential program participants, the general public, or members of the same profession (Innovation Network, 2002-2012). There are other issues that may arise as a result of the internal politics in our company that could have a negative impact on the project. The best thing to do is to reduce the risk of project failure due to internal issues. Many systems development problems are in practice caused by a failure to perceive that specific stakeholders’ viewpoints were relevant. That failure causes whole groups of requirements, typically those related to scenarios involving the missing stakeholders to be missed. A similar result is obtained when one stakeholder assumes one scope for a product while another stakeholder assumes another. This occurs when a developer assumes that it will be sufficient to design, code, and test software but the purchaser hopes to have everything set-up and operators trained (Butcher, 2011). Stakeholder composition is a good predictor of project risk and therefore it should be cost-effective to characterize projects at their initiation according to their stakeholder impact. SAI can minimize internal politics by fully evaluating each stakeholder and assuring them that their input is critical to the overall success of the project. Each stakeholder then becomes part of the project team and has a vested interest in ensuring the ultimate success of the project. Team meetings bring all of the stakeholders together to discuss differences and eliminate issues which would delay or derail the project. Each team member realizes that their participation is equally important within their area of specialization or expertise fully under their direct control and unchallenged by direct confrontation. In this manner, each team member must demonstrate how their participation and overall cooperation contributes to the overall success of the project (Butcher, 2011). ERP Project Failures and Lessons Learned Studying ERP project failures is an essential part of project success. By identifying the same or similar issues that lead to failure in one company, SAI can take steps to avoid or eliminate those problems as they arise. Case studies also provide a precursor to the foreseeable problems that occur in ERP implementation allowing SAI management an opportunity to prepare for these problems by formulating a contingency plan. ERP project failures are common but this not unique to ERP. Every system has glitches regardless of the quality of design or the expertise of design personnel (Butcher, 2011). In the Case Study for Implementation Failure at Hershey’s Chocolate it was established that Hershey’s failed to use an incremental method of implementation, instead installing full software during periods of peak business. The resulting disaster from inoperability due to bugs and glitches resulted in a loss of peak season revenue for Hershey’s. Both corporate management and IT staff developed an immediate dislike for the ERP implementation. This could easily have been avoided had Hershey’s implemented the new software on a step-by-step basis during the off season when sales and revenue would have been less dramatically affected (Butcher, 2011). Hershey’s also tried to implement a variety of enterprise applications simultaneously which added to the stress of a seemingly failed project. In fact, there was nothing wrong with the ERP software but its implementation was a complete failure as the company tried to modify their business processes to suit the enterprise application which created further problems. The lesson learned is that implementation should be conducted one step at a time, each successful Installation reinforcing management’s initial decision to purchase. The ERP problems at Hershey’s are commonly repeated where management fails to realize the complexity of implementation and the necessity to proceed cautiously and maintain focus (Butcher, 2011). Return on Investment and Total Cost of Ownership Some metrics that we can use to determine if the system was a success is a disciplined methodology has been developed called  total cost of ownership  (TCO). It is designed to properly analyze the full cost of an IT investment. In order to calculate TCO properly, all related costs must be identified and captured. TCO models organize costs into two broad categories: 1. Direct costs:  Costs in this category are usually for activities and investments that are related to IT or support. They can usually be calculated by examining the actual or projected costs of hardware, software, people, and facilities. 2. Indirect costs:  These costs are not always visible and can be very difficult to measure and quantify. This type of cost crosses the entire organizations business operations. Some examples of these indirect costs are Administration, Downtime, and End-user operations (Devry, unknown). In order to measure the metrics and figure out when baselines should be determined, we should developed methodologies for determining TCO. The first methodology is the Project initiation. This can be one of the most critical phases of a project. The reason why is because the following are determined: the expectations of the client, the type of relationship the organization will ave with the client (This can influence the management costs. ), and the projects scope. Ideally, the objectives of the project should be defined at this stage, and the categories for TCO can be aligned with these project objectives. To determine the impact of any deviations from initial projections, an up-to-date TCO should be maintained at all times (Devry, unknown). The second methodology is the Cost Modeling. Through the entire TCO process a major activity is the TCO cost analysis. This continues to be refined as new information becomes available during the project. This activity includes classifying the costs according to the financial policies of an organization as well as defining the financial model for the project. The third methodology is the Cost Collection. Once the financial and cost model has been determined, all available cost estimates are collected. Once these are entered into the financial model, a baseline is determined. The total cost of ownership that is presented in this deliverable should be considered a snapshot in time. It is important that all stakeholders understand this and that the TCO may or may not change substantially from this point forward (Devry, unknown). The fourth methodology is Evaluation/Final Report. This is the development of a TCO project deliverable that goes to the organizations stakeholders and decision makers. It typically includes the final project evaluation and a correlation of all finding recommendations and results. The last methodology is Ongoing Refinement of the TCO Model. It is very rare for all costs and contract negotiations in a large project to be finalized at the same time. Additionally, an implementation plan usually cannot be determined at the same time as, or even immediately after, delivery of the final report. As a result, the TCO is an estimate of project costs based on the data and decisions available when the report was researched and written. As key decisions regarding rollout and implementation strategy are reached, the TCO model should be refined to include the most current project cost estimates (Devry, unknown). Another metrics that we can use to determine if the system was a success is Return on Investment (ROI). The ROI (return on investment) is how much profit or cost savings is gained. An ROI calculation is sometimes used along with other business practices to develop a business case for an IT proposal. The overall ROI for an enterprise is sometimes used to determine how well a company is managed. The work performed to determine the TCO can be used to calculate the ROI. Even though many TCO costs are long term, they can be applied solely to the initial investment or divided between the initial investment and serve as an adjustment to the final value. While both methods are valid, they can give different results; it is important that the organization establish a policy for ROI computations across all projects (Devry, unknown). One of the more difficult aspects of an ROI calculation is determining the soft, or people benefits. Three considerations that impact these soft benefits follow: * Speed of adoption:  This benefit considers how quickly employees come up to speed using the new process, system, technology, or tools provided by the implementation. It indicates how quickly employees demonstrate the new skills or behaviors and adapt to the new roles that are required by a change. * Ultimate utilization or participation rate:  This evaluates the percentage of employees that are engaged and practicing the new way of doing things. Surprisingly, in many implementations, employees can avoid actively participating in workflows and procedures, and this can undermine the project in subtle ways. * Proficiency:  As the change is implemented, this examines how proficient and effective the employees have become. Many times, this proficiency, or ability to better perform their job function, is a significant part of the changes original motivation. It measures not just the status after the change, but the ongoing improvement to the organization with the new systems, tools, and processes in place and the organizational and job changes fully implemented. Some examples include the time saved in performing a particular operation while using the new system, the improved close rate for sales and contracts brought by the use of a competitive information database, and the amount of waste reduced by new streamlined activities or processes (Devry, unknown). Conclusion In conclusion, my recommendation to SAI Toys is that they need to hire more staff if they want to implement this executive directive. If they can’t afford it or can cope with integrating all of their IT systems, then I would suggest they stick to manufacturing the toys in-house and shipped to brick-and-mortar retailers, such as Best Buy and Target, as well as e-Commerce only sites, such as ThinkGeek. com and Buy. com.

The Importance Of Storytelling

The Importance Of Storytelling In her insightful essay on the tradition of Pueblo Indian storytelling Language and Literature from a Pueblo Indian Perspective Leslie Silko displays the huge role that stories play in the life of the ethnic group she originates from, she reveals the importance of storytelling for her family, ancestors, neighbors, closest friends and personally herself. In spite of the title that draws our attention to the concepts of language and literature, the main and central issue of her essay, which first appeared as a speech for delivering before the audience, is story proper. Story is not a thing to be told at certain moments in certain circumstances, if we deal with the lifestyle of Pueblo Indians. The whole life of those people is saturated with the multitude of stories and stories-within-stories. A Pueblo Indian, from his/her very birth on, hears and listens to the stories, then, growing up, begins narrating them him/herself, and in such a way all his/her life is accompanied by this vivid tradition. Thus, storytelling may be thought of as a texture of their life, for, on the one hand, the entire world and reality are perceived in the light of stories, and, on the other hand, all the collective and individual experience of the Pueblos is transformed into stories and then orally passed on to the following generations. This custom is more than just an equivalent of folklore in European or Asian traditions. Leslie Silko emphasizes that a written speech or statement is highly suspect among her people as it does not allow sharing the feelings appropriately. Mere graphical symbols are not able to express all the copiousness of human experience, but an oral word is. At first sight, it seems somewhat odd for a person reared in European tradition, but if we look back at such ancient celebrities as Socrates who also rejected the written word as contributing to the deterioration of our memory, it becomes not so alien for us as well, although the following epochs established the importance and even the preferable credibility of what is written or typed. The same may be said about the Jewish tradition, its pre-Talmudic period when Torah she be-al-pe  [1]  was prohibited from being put down; the same is about early Christian tradition when Gospels were merely told by one person to another; the Vedic period of the Hindus when their sacred texts were recited orally and were not fixed in written form. There could be found much more parallels to the phenomenon of Pueblo story telling in the history of other ethnic groups and civilization. Leslie Silko goes on and says that, for the Pueblos, language is story (Silko 49). It is most clearly illustrated by the fact that many words in the Pueblo Indian language have their own stories. When a story is told, the teller often goes into the stories of words, and thusly a phenomenon of stories-within-stories emerges. The story becomes a web that is woven in all directions, which is contrary to the convention of linear step by step narrating in European tradition. Language is story, story is language that dialectic unity of Pueblo weltanschauung determines the structure and content of their stories and the essay devoted to them in particular. The basis of any nations, ethnicitys mentality lies in their cosmogonic and theogonic myths, which constitute their collective unconscious, the latter predetermines the style of thinking, living, and interacting of a certain nation. The Pueblo Indians are not an exception here, and the author introduces the Creation story for us to understand the peculiarities of Pueblo perception of the universe. The story is significant both for its parallels and discrepancies with the Biblical creation story; moreover, the latter are more numerous and are worth being mentioned first. The world was created by Thought Woman Tseitsinako thinking of her sisters and, together with her sisters, she thought of everything that is and there appeared the world. Thus, everything that is immanent in our world is a part of the whole; every element, every constituent of the reality belongs to this whole. The humans are also an inseparable element of the universe and belong to this universal entity. Contrary to the Bible where the world emerges as a result of Gods word, or Logos (Genesis 1, 3; John 1, 1-3), the universe appeared through the thought of the goddess and her sisters, the tight link of humans to the nature are also more apparent in Pueblo Creation story. In the Bible, people are created and let in the Garden of Eden directly by God, in the Pueblo tradition they come into the world due to th e hard efforts of the animals Antelope and Badger. Such a world outlook determines the monistic perception of the reality, it influences both the language and the storytelling of the Pueblo people. Stories are the part of their everyday life, they are multidimensional, web-like, organized in a complex structure that stretches far beyond chronological or formal logical framework. There are many repetitions, characteristic of the oral speech, digressions, stories-within-stories etc that make their stories a multilayer texture. There are no separate stories in Pueblo folklore each story is a part of some more general or fundamental story, and the latter in turn constitutes larger stories, so that the whole Pueblo traditional and even modern everyday discourse is one big story with a huge number of smaller and infinitesimal subdivisions. The stories are always bringing us together, keeping this whole together, keeping this family together, keeping this clan together tells us Leslie Silko. The destination of story is thus to preserve the wholeness of the universe. The author gives us three illustrations, three stories that are still being told and re-told until nowadays. The first one relates about a young man who lost his new Volkswagen and felt very bad about it. The structure of the story may be defined as the threefold one: 1) the guy earns money, purchases the car and drives it; then 2) it falls into the ravine and is broken to pieces; 3) there come his friends and relatives trying to offer him consolation. What do they do in particular? They tell stories about the people who also lost their cars in the ravine, moreover, many of them lost their children and parents when their cars were going down into the arroyo. The third part of the story is an essential element of Pueblo storytelling. Those stories join the guys life experience to those of the other people, and when put into that context, his loss is (or seems) not so great, he turns out to be relatively lucky, because he shunned the danger of losing his own and his relatives lives. The stories of the friends and neighbors turn grief into consolation, desperation into hope, loneliness into amiable support. Finally, that guys experience joins the common discourse of people whose cars fell into the arroyo, that guy consequently joins those people, he is not alone and that is the greatest consolation possible in such circumstances. The second story about a girl who drowned herself in Kawaik Lake is more dramatic. There can be also distinguished three parts: 1) girls request to her mother to cook her yashtoah, the conditions her mother announces; 2) girls decision to get drowned; 3) carrying out her decision and her mothers return home. The core part of the story seems to be the second one, for it shows the transformations in the girls decisions and intentions. There are also stories-within-stories here, and certain periods and details are highly repetitive, they are yashtoah, Im going to Kawaik and jump into the lake there and similar phrases. The girl tells the old man about her quarrel with her mother and her suicidal decision, the man, in turn, goes to her mother and tells her what her daughter is about to do. These stories are so intertwined and interwoven, so organically situated in the context, that it is problematic to take them out of there. The story is more or less organized in a chronological order, the sequence of events is not interrupted but attention should be paid to the fact that this story was heard by the author of the essay in a modernized version from her aunt. It is a vivid argument that traditions, and Pueblo storytelling in particular, possess a dichotomic nature on the one hand, they pass the ancient experience of the ancestors on to modern generation, on the other hand, they include the present experience of the people and add them to the common stock of Pueblo history. So, the previous, present and future generations are not separated, they are connected by a strong link of storytelling, which preserves the past and provides space for the future. What is more, this story explains why the butterflies are so beautiful and multicolored. The story of a girl is tightly connected to the biological diversity in the animal world. The third story happens in modern time, but it is nevertheless organized according to the existing pattern of Pueblo storytelling tradition numerous repetitions, associations, reminiscences, stories-within-story etc. The woman goes into details of the troubles of her life loss of husband and mother, hardships of employment etc but it ends with a glimmer of hope, she meets with her aunt and grandfather, the latter gives her a very dear present a silver 1907 dollar, which shocks every member of their family. Later, as she writes, I kept it for a long time because I guess I wanted to have it to remember when I left my home country. The silver dollar presented by her poor grandfather became a material token of her warm memory of her family, childhood and homeland. Thus, the storytelling does not appear to be something that is done at bedtime in the life of Pueblo Indians, it is the essence of their life. Detaching oneself from the mentioned stories, and having a look at the essay as the whole, it becomes evident that the essay itself is a Pueblo story, although told to the non-Pueblo people. It incorporates the analyzed stories, it is originally oral, it is saturated with the monistic worldview and it has a fair chance to be incorporated into a larger piece of storytelling and is already the constituent of the Pueblo Indian discourse. The essay is also peculiar for being addressed to the two worlds the traditional world of the Pueblos and the modern globalized world. This essay intends to initiate and hold a dialogue between these worlds, to deepen the mutual understanding that may result in mutual enriching of the two distinct cultures. The author herself and the people she tells the stories of are inspiring examples of the success on this way of reciprocal understanding. She and the characters of the stories are integrated into modern American society, but they did not lose touch with their cultural and ancestral legacy either. Although this view is not in full accord with Paul Lorenz who states that the values of American Indian cultures have been forced to confront the alien values of European American culture (Lorenz 59). One more important aspect of the storytelling should be paid due attention to as well the unity of teller and listener. Leslie Silko emphasizes the importance of the latter a great deal of the story is believed to be inside the listener; the storytellers role is to draw the story out of the listeners (Silko 51). Ib Johansen, however, views this issue from a bit another perspective In traditional societies storyteller plays an important role; he/she is placed at the very center of the community, and his/her activities are considered as essential to the very self-awareness or sense of identity of the community (Johansen) it is the teller whom Ib Johansen places as the key figure in storytelling. Here we see a classic example of the European approach. As it occurs to me, there is not the notion of central or key role / importance in Pueblo Indian world outlook. Important are all the inhabitants and objects of the world despite their role, size, destination; all of them are of equal relevance, all are necessary, all indispensable, all divine. The monistic and pantheistic approach to life, people, phenomena and objects determines the reverent attitude towards them, on the one hand, and creates difficulties in establishing the hierarchy of values, on the other hand. It is indeed problematic to define what passage is most important in a certain story, or what relations are more preferable either personal, or tribal, or clan ones. Paul Lorenz recognizes that the fiction of Leslie Silko is the product of American Indian, rather than Western, cultural values (Lorenz 59). Indeed, the very style of her essay shares many common features with the traditional Pueblo Indian narratives. It is evident in her reference to ethnologists and anthropologists who tend to differentiate the types of stories the pueblos tell she says that the people of her ethnic group never divide the stories into classes, family stories are given equal recognition (Silko 51). A distinctive characteristic of the storytelling among this tribal group of Indians is that they attach more importance to what is said than how something is said, the content is more important than the form according to Pueblo weltanschauung. The particular language spoken isnt as important as what a speaker is trying to say, writes the author of the essay. That peculiarity is also marked by Ib Jansen when he retells case of an Eskimo woman accused of killing a storeman. Thus, the notions of myth, legend, parable, tale and the like are not quite applicable to the tradition of Pueblo storytelling, they are difficult or, even impossible, to differentiate in the context of their culture. The Creation story, Home Country story, the story of the young mans Volkswagen and the speech of Ms Silko are of equal relevance and credibility in the eyes of Native American. They do not abandon negative stories of their own families and clans; they are always trying to convey the content, essence of the story so that the expressive means retreat to the background. The cosmogonic and sacred myths are as plausible as their own experience in the context of Pueblo Indian Culture. Summing up, it is reasonable to point out that Language and Literature from a Pueblo Indian Perspective and the other works mentioned in this paper focus on the essential characteristics of Pueblo peoples storytelling tradition, they emphasize its monistic worldview, illustrate how several stories may unite into one; their language and the whole life are tightly linked to the stories and cannot be imagined without each other. Pueblo Indian storytelling tradition cannot but be recognized as a truly valuable constituent of the American and world culture.

Exploration Of The Failure Of Feminism Essay -- Essays Papers

Exploration Of The Failure Of Femininism When looking through Newsweek, the article "The Failures of Feminism" grabbed my attention, and I reacted to it strongly. My immediate response was one of defensive disgust, but the more I realized that I might actually understand and argue with the author on some points. This essay is an exploration of my own beliefs and reflection of my growth as both a writer and a person. There are many women, like Kay Ebeling, that feel that feminism has failed them, that the promises of Gloria Steinem and others remain unfulfilled, or are false altogether. In an angry and discontented voice, Ebeling employs her personal experience to mold and create "The Failure of Feminism," a vote for return to traditional patterns of interaction between men and women in order to recapture the "American Dream" family of the 1950's. Feminism is multi-faceted, each face containing an important idea or plan that strives to empower all people. Examples of this empowerment are presenting improved opportunities and environments for both genders; distributing equal bargaining power; expanding the boundaries of sharing and expression; and placing value on the flexibility of choice. All of these are necessary to break with tradition in order to achieve the ideal of a happy, stable family, where both partners are satisfied. Feminism is neither a cure for societal ailments, nor a crystal ball for unexplainable phenomenon, nor a simple recipe that can easily result in a sensational masterpiece of the kitchen. It is a complexity, one that is explained by many people in many ways. It is a conglomeration of ideas that can serve as inspiration for change, but change requires investments of time, energy, and emotion by ind... ... and enlightens me. With every review of my beliefs, challenge to my present knowledge of myself, and experience of new environments, I grow emotionally, my commitment to feminism grows, and my acceptance of my own mistakes as building blocks for the future grows. If Kay Ebeling had been willingstagnation and encourages me to continuously grow, each day learning new ways to deal with my frustrations and improve my relationships. to invest in feminism, feminism would have given her a new way to deal with her experiences. Instead of disillusionment, she could have gained new, positive opportunities and understanding Ebeling's complete repudiation of feminism takes away her enthusiasm to achieve goals, while my commitment allows me to be continuously inspired toward mine. Feminism directs me away from personal The complexities of feminism have endless possibilities. Exploration Of The Failure Of Feminism Essay -- Essays Papers Exploration Of The Failure Of Femininism When looking through Newsweek, the article "The Failures of Feminism" grabbed my attention, and I reacted to it strongly. My immediate response was one of defensive disgust, but the more I realized that I might actually understand and argue with the author on some points. This essay is an exploration of my own beliefs and reflection of my growth as both a writer and a person. There are many women, like Kay Ebeling, that feel that feminism has failed them, that the promises of Gloria Steinem and others remain unfulfilled, or are false altogether. In an angry and discontented voice, Ebeling employs her personal experience to mold and create "The Failure of Feminism," a vote for return to traditional patterns of interaction between men and women in order to recapture the "American Dream" family of the 1950's. Feminism is multi-faceted, each face containing an important idea or plan that strives to empower all people. Examples of this empowerment are presenting improved opportunities and environments for both genders; distributing equal bargaining power; expanding the boundaries of sharing and expression; and placing value on the flexibility of choice. All of these are necessary to break with tradition in order to achieve the ideal of a happy, stable family, where both partners are satisfied. Feminism is neither a cure for societal ailments, nor a crystal ball for unexplainable phenomenon, nor a simple recipe that can easily result in a sensational masterpiece of the kitchen. It is a complexity, one that is explained by many people in many ways. It is a conglomeration of ideas that can serve as inspiration for change, but change requires investments of time, energy, and emotion by ind... ... and enlightens me. With every review of my beliefs, challenge to my present knowledge of myself, and experience of new environments, I grow emotionally, my commitment to feminism grows, and my acceptance of my own mistakes as building blocks for the future grows. If Kay Ebeling had been willingstagnation and encourages me to continuously grow, each day learning new ways to deal with my frustrations and improve my relationships. to invest in feminism, feminism would have given her a new way to deal with her experiences. Instead of disillusionment, she could have gained new, positive opportunities and understanding Ebeling's complete repudiation of feminism takes away her enthusiasm to achieve goals, while my commitment allows me to be continuously inspired toward mine. Feminism directs me away from personal The complexities of feminism have endless possibilities.

Information Theft Essay -- Internet Net World Wide Web Media

Information Theft The world grows continually smaller. Each passing day interconnectivity amongst personal computers becomes increasingly normative. These electronic bridges are at the foundation of the networks of networks which comprise the Internet, which was initially a concept developed as a means by which both communication and vast archives of information could be preserved in the event of a nuclear war. The design was simple: a system of information exchange which was indestructible in its redundancy. In other words, Russia would need to vaporize North America entirely to with the Cold War. In the absence of a real war, for years the Internet remained inhabited largely by members of academic and scientific communities who prized and throve upon instant exchange of information. It was these individuals who became the first denizens of cyberspace, a new frontier characterized, like the wild west, by anarchy and governed, similarly, by the good sense of inhabitants. With interest in the Internet as a phenomenon increasing steadily over the past decade, however, it is evident that those now living are witnesses of a bizarre transformation whereby technological experience becomes wholly integral to our daily routine. As scores flock to experience the new online realm, tiny enclaves of similarly-interested individuals coalesce into electronic communities engaging in facilitated exchange of ideas, goods and information. As these communities continue to grow, codes of conduct are frequently established, challenged, and broken. People begin to engage in ecommerce, to establish eculture and to discuss being a good netizen. These are the inhabitants of today's cyberspace. Among these inhabitants are some individuals whose ... ...being said, it is intuitively understood that on some level Kevin Mitnick did engage in the theft of information. What remains unclear is how we as a society should respond. It does not seem that he ought to be severely punished for what amounts to curiosity. Certainly he could have made a great deal of money and caused extensive damage, but there is simply no evidence of this being his intent. In the absence of a precedent, it is difficult to judge wisely. The only certainty is that as more people come to inhabit cyberspace, more of these cases will come to the forefront of our imagination and attention, more legal decisions will be made and more precedents set which will have real bearing on your very own little corner of cyberspace. Works Cited Littman, Jonathan. The Fugitive Game: Online with Kevin Mitnick. Little, Brown and Company. New York: 1997.

Evaluation of Police Officer Candidates Essay -- Selection of Law Enf

Workforce selection practices have become more prominent over the years, particularly with law enforcement recruitments. This enhanced use of process selection allows for more advanced methods of assessing police officers. One reason for this extreme emphasis on selection systems is the elimination of unqualified police recruit applicants, thus ensuring that monetary resources are not wasted on the ill-equipped (Cochrane., Tett., & Vandecreek, 2003). Several factors impact the potential success or failure of police recruits, including tertiary studies; efficient communication skills; previous moral and ethical behaviour and psychological adequacy of recruits. However, just two of the four selection criteria including tertiary studies, and personality suitability will be analysed and evaluated in this literary review. Higher educated police officers are better equipped to serve in today’s complex and challenging environment through greater awareness of social and cultural / ethnic community issues; promoting a more professional image of law enforcement, as well as exemplifying themselves as ‘problem solvers’ rather than ‘reactive agents’(Trfymowych, 2007, pg. 419). Likewise, psychological and personality suitability of employees allows for police officers to screen out psychopathology as well as Identify individuals who match some ‘ideal’ profile of high performing police. Therefore, this review aims to determine whether or not the selected criteria reviewed are valid for use in a police recruit selection process through a detailed evaluation of each criteria. As the role of a police officer is becoming more complex in the 21st century with the advances in social and technological developments, the need for tertiary studi... ...). Psychological testing and the selection of police officers. Criminal Justice and Behaviour, 30 (5), 511-537. Dempsey, J., & Forst, L. (2009). An Introduction to Policing. Cengage Learning, Canada. Metchik,E. (1999). Police Quarterly. An analysis of the â€Å"Screening Out â€Å" Model of Police Officer Selection, 2 (1), 79-95. Smith, M., & Segal, J. (2008). Healing Emotional and Psychological Trauma. In HelpGuide. Web 23 Apr. 2015. http://www.helpguide.org/mental/emotional_psychological_trauma.htm Trofymowych, D. (2007). Police Education Past and Present: Perceptions of Australian Police Managers and Academics. Flinders Journal of Law Reform, 8 (10), 419-433. Vrana, S., & Lauterbach, L. (1994). Prevalence of Traumatic Events and Post-Traumtic Psychological Symptoms in a Nonclinical Sample of College Students. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 7 (2), 289-302.

Global Forces of Change Essay

1. From the case facts, describe how globalization and technology have influenced the business directions of GE Medical Systems. Technology Since new requirements in healthcare business had been emerged, in the market it is required to implement personalized medicine to support specific client – not mass population. Moreover, trend on find the way to prevent sickness is more concerned than to heal. This is massive challenge to medical equipment manufacturers whether which company can find the best technology to support these requirements. GE believed that the best technology would always win in the marketplace so they responded to these requirements by investing more on R&D and also product design. As the result, corporate R&D invented some new products which replace need of existing product, for example, digital detectors for X-ray machines that would replace the need for X-ray film. Globalization Globalization increases connectivity and interdependence of the world’s markets and businesses. Emerging middle-classes of Asia, Eastern Europe and Latin America is also an opportunity for healthcare company like GE to expand their markets, increase sales and profits. Beside of sales side, GE can also reduce their manufacturing cost by shifting manufacturing from high-cost countries to low-cost countries. This would increase their competitive advantage. 2. Identify possible projects by which a company dealing in Healthcare and Medical Diagnosis like GEMS can profitably ride the waves of globalization, liberalization and technology. * Shifting manufacturing base from high-cost countries to low-cost countries in order to reduce production cost. * To develop healthcare IT system, this is to manage necessary data systematically such as patient data, treatment record etc. This is also helpful for diagnosis. * To apply Free Trade Agreement with emerging countries in order to facilitate access of healthcare products. * Even general needs of customers in healthcare in each country is same but there are some specific requirements which are required individually so GEMS should not neglect R&D in each local market. Hiring local staffs is an effective alternative since local people might understand needs in their society well. * R&D is vital since technology changes every day. GEMS should keep investing on find out the way to increase effective ness of their equipment and also invent new products which can replace existing one. 3. Describe the world do you envision in 2050, especially with China and India likely to take center-stage? Touch on the economic, political, social and cultural adaptation that you think can take place. According to many reports show that over the next 50 years China and then India’s economies will overtake US. Large and growing market opportunities in China and India are widely seen and understood as evidenced by the large flows of foreign direct investment to China, both for the domestic market, but also to use China as a low cost platform for exports to the rest of the World. China is communist. Due to their political characteristics, control in a repressive way substantial part of the economy, especially the financial sector that brought about massive imbalance. A centralized decision-making process, although discretionary would presumably ease political action by by-passing all types of necessary approvals from a parliament or congress in a democratic system. So changing of Chinese government would possibly change the world. About social and culture, as foreign companies would base their manufacturing in China, learning local culture would be very important in order to have smooth operation and avoid any conflict. China language will become as vital as English. On the other hands, due to growing of China economic dominance, Chinese people will also spread over the world. Their culture will unavoidably absorb to everywhere. We have no choice but adapt with it.